Nyingma

Nyingma is one of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism, the others being Sakya, Kagyu, and Gelug. It is known for its emphasis on the teachings of Guru Padmasambhava and the practice of Dzogchen, which focuses on the nature of mind and reality. Centering on the nature of mind and the realization of its inherent purity. The Nyingma school places a strong emphasis on the transmission of teachings through oral lineage and the preservation of ancient texts known as the "terma," which are considered hidden treasures revealed by realized masters.

Drukpa Kagyu

The Drukpa Kagyu is one of the major schools within Tibetan Buddhism. It’s known for its unique practices and teachings, and it has a strong emphasis on the integration of practice into daily life. Founded in the 12th century by the Tibetan master Tsangpa Gyare Yeshe Dorje, the Drukpa Kagyu lineage is particularly prominent in Bhutan, where it has played a significant role in the country’s spiritual and cultural life.

The term "Drukpa" translates to "Dragon," which symbolizes strength and power, reflecting the lineage’s emphasis on the transformative power of meditation and practice. The Drukpa Kagyu tradition combines teachings on both the Sutras and Tantras, with a strong focus on the practice of meditation, especially on the development of compassion and wisdom.

The head of the Drukpa Kagyu lineage is known as the Gyalwang Drukpa. The lineage has several important centers and monasteries in Bhutan, India, Nepal, and around the world, and it continues to attract practitioners and followers dedicated to its teachings and practices.

Shingon

Shingon Buddhism, founded by Kūkai (Kōbō Daishi) in 9th-century Japan, is a major school of Japanese Esoteric Buddhism. It focuses on mystical practices, including rituals, mantra recitations, and meditation, to achieve enlightenment. Key elements include the use of mandalas, the "Three Mysteries" (body, speech, and mind), and the veneration of deities like Vairocana. Shingon teachings are transmitted through initiation from a master and aim to integrate spiritual insights into daily life. Kūkai's Mount Kōya (Kōya-san) remains a central site for practice.